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The term "phishing" was first recorded in 1995 in the cracking toolkit AOHell, but may have been used earlier in the hacker magazine 2600.[4][5][6] It is a variation of fishing and refers to the use of lures to "fish" for sensitive information.[5][7][8]
Voice over IP (VoIP) is used in vishing or voice phishing attacks,[29] where attackers make automated phone calls to large numbers of people, often using text-to-speech synthesizers, claiming fraudulent activity on their accounts. The attackers spoof the calling phone number to appear as if it is coming from a legitimate bank or institution. The victim is then prompted to enter sensitive information or connected to a live person who uses social engineering tactics to obtain information.[29] Vishing takes advantage of the public's lower awareness and trust in voice telephony compared to email phishing.[30]
Phishing attacks often involve creating fake links that appear to be from a legitimate organization.[39] These links may use misspelled URLs or subdomains to deceive the user. In the following example URL, , it can appear to the untrained eye as though the URL will take the user to the example section of the yourbank website; actually this URL points to the "yourbank" (i.e. phishing) section of the example website. Another tactic is to make the displayed text for a link appear trustworthy, while the actual link goes to the phisher's site. To check the destination of a link, many email clients and web browsers will show the URL in the status bar when the mouse is hovering over it. However, some phishers may be able to bypass this security measure.[40]
Phishing often uses social engineering techniques to trick users into performing actions such as clicking a link or opening an attachment, or revealing sensitive information. It often involves pretending to be a trusted entity and creating a sense of urgency,[49] like threatening to close or seize a victim's bank or insurance account.[50]
Emails from banks and credit card companies often include partial account numbers, but research[146] has shown that people tend to not differentiate between the first and last digits. This is an issue because the first few digits are often the same for all clients of a financial institution.
The Bank of America website[164][165] is one of several that asks users to select a personal image (marketed as SiteKey) and displays this user-selected image with any forms that request a password. Users of the bank's online services are instructed to enter a password only when they see the image they selected. However, several studies suggest that few users refrain from entering their passwords when images are absent.[166][167] In addition, this feature (like other forms of two-factor authentication) is susceptible to other attacks, such as those suffered by Scandinavian bank Nordea in late 2005,[168] and Citibank in 2006.[169]
Several companies offer banks and other organizations likely to suffer from phishing scams round-the-clock services to monitor, analyze and assist in shutting down phishing websites.[174] Automated detection of phishing content is still below accepted levels for direct action, with content-based analysis reaching between 80% and 90% of success[175] so most of the tools include manual steps to certify the detection and authorize the response.[176] Individuals can contribute by reporting phishing to both volunteer and industry groups,[177] such as cyscon or PhishTank.[178] Phishing web pages and emails can be reported to Google.[179][180]
Companies have also joined the effort to crack down on phishing. On March 31, 2005, Microsoft filed 117 federal lawsuits in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington. The lawsuits accuse "John Doe" defendants of obtaining passwords and confidential information. March 2005 also saw a partnership between Microsoft and the Australian government teaching law enforcement officials how to combat various cyber crimes, including phishing.[193] Microsoft announced a planned further 100 lawsuits outside the U.S. in March 2006,[194] followed by the commencement, as of November 2006, of 129 lawsuits mixing criminal and civil actions.[195] AOL reinforced its efforts against phishing[196] in early 2006 with three lawsuits[197] seeking a total of US$18 million under the 2005 amendments to the Virginia Computer Crimes Act,[198][199] and Earthlink has joined in by helping to identify six men subsequently charged with phishing fraud in Connecticut.[200]
A phishing attack is a form of fraud in which an attacker masquerades as a reputable entity, such as a bank, tax department, or person in email or in other forms of communication, to distribute malicious links or attachments to trick an unsuspecting victim into handing over valuable information, such as passwords, credit card details, intellectual property and so on. It is easy to launch a phishing campaign, and they are surprisingly effective. Phishing attacks can also be conducted by phone call (voice phishing) and by text message (SMS phishing).
Any website that is database-driven -- and that is the majority of websites -- is susceptible to SQL injection attacks. An SQL query is a request for some action to be performed on a database, and a carefully constructed malicious request can create, modify or delete the data stored in the database, as well as read and extract data such as intellectual property, personal information of customers, administrative credentials or private business details. SQL injection is third in the 2022 top list of the most dangerous weaknesses compiled by Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) Top 25 and continues to be a common attack vector. PrestaShop, a developer of e-commerce software used by some 300,000 online retailers, recently warned users to update to its latest software version immediately as certain earlier versions are vulnerable to SQL injection attacks that enable an attacker to steal customer credit card data.
This is another type of injection attack in which an attacker injects data, such as a malicious script, into content from otherwise trusted websites. Cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks can occur when an untrusted source is allowed to inject its own code into a web application and that malicious code is included with dynamic content delivered to a victim's browser. This allows an attacker to execute malicious scripts written in various languages, like JavaScript, Java, Ajax, Flash and HTML, in another user's browser.
SQL injection attack is a serious vulnerability in terms of web security wherein an attacker can interfere with the queries made by an application/website to its database thereby allowing the attacker to view sensitive data which are generally irretrievable. It can also give the attacker to modify/ remove the data resulting in damages to the application behavior. 2ff7e9595c
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